The Morehead Cain Scholarship Essay Samples Cover Up

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Arthur Andersen s Enron Case - 918 Words

The case is about Arthur Andersen s role in accounting fraud at Enron; Enron was one of its Arthur Andersen major clients. The criminal charges faced by Andersen in the Enron case and how the case eventually led to the closure of the company. It was convicted in 2002 of one count of obstruction of justice because of its role in Enron’s auditing. After the conviction, the firm could no longer provide public accounting services. On June 15, 2002, Arthur Andersen was convicted of obstruction of justice for getting rid of the documents related to Enron’s accounting audit which resulted in the its scandal. The impact of the scandal combined with the criminal findings ultimately destroyed the Arthur Andersen LLP. Disregarded Enron’s accounting misbehave and misuse. The CFOs and controllers hired by Enron company were former Arthur Andersen LLP executives; By getting rid of all Enron’s documents, and Arthur Andersen LLP attorney altered documents related to its audit work for Enron, the company was handed the maximum penalty allowed under US law for its role in the collapse of Enron. Arthur Andersen LLP CPA License has been canceled, and the CEO at the time, Joseph Bernardini went to Jail. The company was fined $500,000 and sentenced to five years of probation. 2. Who was (were) the individual (s) and company (ies) involved The companies involved in the case were Arthur Andersen LLP and Enron. In addition to Enron, Arthur Andersen LLP was accused of being involved inShow MoreRelatedArthur Andersen And Enron Case Essay983 Words   |  4 Pages 1.What was the case about? (Summary of the Case) The case is about Arthur Andersen s role in accounting fraud at Enron which was one of its major clients. The criminal charges faced by the firm in the Enron case and how the Enron case eventually led to the closure of Arthur Andersen company. The company was convicted in 2002 of one count of obstruction of justice because of its role in Enron’s auditing. After the conviction, the firm could no longer provide public accounting services. On JuneRead MoreManagement Planning Paper on Arthur Andersen1221 Words   |  5 PagesPlanning Paper on Arthur Andersen Management Planning Paper on Arthur Andersen In 1913, the company Arthur Andersen started by Arthur Andersen and Clarence Delany by the name of Andersen, Delany, Co. In 1918, it was given the name Arthur Andersen Co. The company supplied tax, consulting services and auditing for the large business, and itself had a position in the Big Five accounting firms. In 2002, this firm was found guilty for auditing an energy corporation, Enron and it surrenderedRead MoreRise Fall of Arthur Andersen, LLP1016 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ March 4, 2014 Rise Fall of Arthur Andersen, LLP Abstract Enron was a natural gas company that was formed in 1985 by Kenneth Lay. By 1992, Enron was the largest selling company of natural gas in North America. In October 2001 a scandal involving Enron was emerging. This scandal led to the fall of the company. The Enron case and many others cases led to the collapse of other companies that did business with them which included oneRead MoreEnron Of Enron And Enron1387 Words   |  6 PagesEnron was formed in 1985 from the merger of two gas companies from Texas and Nebraska. Enron became the first company with all-American network of gas pipelines. In 1997 Enron bought power generating company Portland General Electric Corp. worth $ 2 billion. Before 1997 ended, the management turned the company into Enron Capital Trade Resources which became the largest American companies that trade in natural gas and electricity. Revenue increased dramatically from $ 2 billion to $ 7 billionRead MoreEnron Scandal Of Enron Corporation Essay1145 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Enron scandal which aroused in 2001 was one of the most famous events in the area of fraud audit. As the auditor company of Enron, Arthur Andersen failed to prepare true and fair auditing reports. They both suffered lethal loss at that time. The following paragraphs will discuss this fraud event, including the organization history, the organization’s event, the fraud issue in the event, the consequence of the main stakeholders, auditors in the event and their roles, and the current situationRead MoreCorporate Culture Of Enron And Bankruptcy1327 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The case study is about Enron and about their biggest failure that lead the company towards bankruptcy. Enron got bankrupt to the extent that was no point of returning back and reversing its wrong doings. The only thing that the company had to think about was how to return the losses of its creditors. Enron Corp. was left with $12 billion in assets which was to be distributed among more than 20,000 creditors. Around 80% of creditors of Enron backed the long-awaited reorganization planRead MoreEthics Research Essays984 Words   |  4 Pagesafter, they have erred from the faith, and pierced themselves through with many sorrows.† The accounting firm of Arthur Andersen exemplified this statement completely. The firm which began in the early 1900’s as a stalwart defender of ethical behavior, by the beginning of the twenty-first century was more corrupt than anyone could imagine. The fallout from the demise of Arthur Andersen has been immense and some lasting effects can sti ll be felt today. Ultimately, the downfall of this accountingRead MoreHow Ethics Influence Behavior in Organizations1010 Words   |  5 PagesThe Enron Scandal is a very interesting topic to better understand what are some responses organizations may have to unethical behavior.   Previous to its collapse, Enron was an energy giant based in Texas with Arthur Andersen as their auditor. Enron violated accounting standards by manipulating the mark-to-market accounting method so their earnings would appear inflated, thus making it seem that they are financially stable and successful (Cunningham amp; Harris, p.40). When Arthur Andersen auditsRead MoreImportance of External Auditors1110 Words   |  5 Pagesmanagement to make decisions. If the independence of the external auditors is impaired, the public will doubt the quality of professional auditing services, and the consequence would be very serious, just like the bankruptcy of Enron led to the disorganization of Arthur Andersen, once a giant accounti ng company in the world. In order to maintain and increase the independence of external auditors, some activities should be undertake to avoid the overdue market competition in professional accounting industryRead MoreEnron And The Enron Scandal847 Words   |  4 PagesThe Enron scandal, discovered in October 2001, eventually led to the bankruptcy of the Enron Corporation, an American energy company based mostly in Houston, Texas, and also the dissolution of Arthur Andersen, that was one amongst the 5 largest audit and accounting partnerships within the world. Additionally, to being the most important bankruptcy reorganization in American history at that point, Enron without doubt is the biggest audit failure. it s ever the foremost notable company within the

Project Management for Airport Systems Planning- myassignmenthelp

Questions 1.Is the decision to build a new airport at Denver strategically a sound decision?Give reasons and justify your answer 2.Why did United Airlines decide to act as the project manager for the baggagehandling system on Concourse B? Give reasons and justify your answer Answers: 1. Yes, the decision to build the airport at Denver strategically a sound decision. The reason behind such is that Denvers former airport was undergoing a rapid development before the deregulations (Keller et al. 2015). The deregulation refers to the competition among open market that could bring the access to air traveling within the reach of common people, hence maximizing the air traffic at that airport. With the same, the local council of government anticipated that the Stapleton airport will unable to manage the required traffic by 2000. The airport could have been updated by giving it a sublet of life for the next coming 5 years, yet the remote place of Denver meant that the potential issue would still linger and has the potential to cause the Denver city to lose its important business. Furthermore, the Stapleton airport was one among the important connecting airports (DAndrea 2013). It was also ranked among the top eleven worst air traffic congestions in the United States. Such congestions at the Denver airport influenced the other airports as well, as it used to have only two runways which were situated very close to each other that in bad weather were regarded to be one (De Neufville 2016). The newly build airport was designated to resolve these congestion problems for the city. The earlier Stapleton airport was highly influenced by the winds of inflated velocity and this has created in the operations being transfered to the other directions (Wesley et al. 2013). This procedure has wasted about forty five minutes. The new airport on the other hand would bring this wasted time to four minutes and this in turn will save both the time and cost for the very airport. The new airport covers a total land area of about 140 km2. It is to be the largest airports in the United States in current days and has the potential to handle about 50m of passengers every year. 2. The united Airlines decided to act as the project manager for the baggage handling system for many reasons. Airports are mainly judged by the travelers or passangers depending on their capability to manage and handle the baggage systems. The mechanized baggage handling system is at the heart of the Denver airports (Schmitt and Gollnick 2016). Hence, the automated baggage handling system of the DIA or the Denver International Airport was a great initiative. It is unique within its complexity and anticipated capacity. At the same time it is a novel technology (Rebentisch 2017). It connects the gates in the three entrances or concourses where the baggages are loaded on and off the airplane along with two major terminals where the travelers claim and check their baggage. It is designed in a way to deliver every bag, including the transfers, independently from the unloading or the check-ins of the aircraft to the outward baggage reclaim. Despite the main importance of automated baggage system, the design of the system was greatly an afterthought. Like the one United Airlines operated in the city of San Francisco, the airline, during its initial planning stages, stood firm on the automated baggage system. The airline did not wanted to work on the traditional system of baggage as it was very labor intensive as well as time consuming. The officials of Denver thereby decided to design the automated baggage handling system at the Denver International Airport, as speed in handling of baggage is important in order to achieve the acceptable transfer and boarding times at the Denver (Hughes 2013). The changes in the United Airlines were the more important one. It has broaden the concourse B by eight feet in order to lodge the two moving walkways in every direction. It has added a 2nd level of the baggage service. It also had a roof designed in order to supply clearstory of the natural light. Moreover, most importantly, the United Airlines wanted a DCV (Destination Coded Vehicle) baggage handling system as in this system; the luggage could be shifted in between the gates within less than just ten minutes of time period, thereby supporting the short turnaround times (Laplante 2013). This handling system (DCV) was to be on the Concourse B only. The Denver International airport, after few cogitation came to the conclusion that all of the concourses at the airport will work on this high speed automated baggage handling system, rather than bounding it only to the United Airlines, References D'Andrea, F.D., 2013.Taking back the tarmac: Re-use of airport infrastructure. University of Cincinnati. De Neufville, R., 2016. Airport systems planning and design.Air Transport Management: An International Perspective, p.61. Hughes, P., 2013. Project Delivery Methodologies.Advice from Those Whove Been There, Done That, p.77. Keller, T.L., Trier, S.B., Hall, W.D., Sharman, R.D., Xu, M. and Liu, Y., 2015. Lee waves associated with a commercial jetliner accident at Denver International Airport.Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology,54(7), pp.1373-1392. Laplante, P.A., 2013.Requirements engineering for software and systems. CRC Press. Rebentisch, E., 2017.Integrating Program Management and Systems Engineering: Methods, Tools, and Organizational Systems for Improving Performance. John Wiley Sons. Schmitt, D. and Gollnick, V., 2016. Airport and Infrastructure. InAir Transport System(pp. 225-269). Springer, Vienna. WESLEY, D.A., POULOS, G., SNOOK, J., KENNEDY, P., MEYERS, M. and BYRD, G., 2013. Extreme Snowfall Variations and Cold-Air Damming in the Front Range Heavy Snowstorm of 17-19 March 2003.Journal of Operational Meteorology,1(4).

My First Spurlock Museum Exhibit

This morning starts as any morning before in my life. The only thing that differs this day from the others is my future visit to a museum exhibition. The Spurlock Museum is known by its collections, documents, exhibitions, and objects that present cultural heritage of Ancient Egypt, Africa, Rome, Greece, East and Southeast Asia, and many other countries.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on My First Spurlock Museum Exhibit specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The circle in the center of the Spurlock Museum unites several different galleries in both thematic and physical levels. I have a choice to visit any gallery: affable and polite staff is eager to present any information, however, it does not really necessary to give some pieces of advice as all points are perfectly described with the help of the displays. This museum is interesting from several perspectives: properly chosen colors, captivating design, interesting siz es of each room, and sound, the silence allows to feel the atmosphere of the chosen epoch and those times as the visitor may only imagine. For someone, gray and white colors of the first room may be rather depressive and even boring. However, for me, such choice of colors underlines the accuracy and unprejudiced nature of the room, where each visitor can easily pick out the gallery according to his/her personal choice and preferences. East Asian culture and Oceania always attract my attention, and I want to know more about more about their traditions and myths. This is why my first gallery to visit is obvious – East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Oceania. James Clifford once wrote about the exhibition he visited with his son that people can easily â€Å"skip the preliminaries because the next, larger, space draws you in.† (194) People are so inconstant with their preferences and choices, however, their history and the objects of culture may say a lot about people and their past lives. Usually, people try to create lots of traditions in order to follow them and make their lives more or less dependable on something; something that is less comprehensible and even uncontrolled. Mythology of Bali is one of my first stop. I have already read a lot about Balinese mythology: Rangda and Barong are my favorite characters. It is unbelievable pleasant to see these characters so close to me and even to ‘become aquatinted’ with them. Rangda was one of the most powerful Balinese evil witches. She had unbelievable power; her image plays an important role in Balinese culture and attracts the attention of lots of tourists.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Barong is a good character that struggled against Rangda. People of Bali represent barongs as different animals. For each region, there was another animal fighting against the evil of Rangda: a traditio nal lion, a marvelous dragon, a huge tiger, and even a big boar. Because of such inconstancy of images, the Spurlock Museum presents this exhibit with one of the possible and probably the most important masks – the mask of lion. The bright colors of the mask attract my attention first. Unbelievable combination of red and golden colors and the light of the room make this figure rather kind and attractive to the viewer. Such bright colors are certainly inherent to the Balinese and their taste. This barong ket is a gift presented by Professor John Garvey to the Spurlock Museum. The exhibit comes from Bali and participates in numerous festivals. In spite of the fact that the barong ket is a dragon-like figure, the presence of mask perfectly underlines that there was no concrete image of the barong in Ancient Indonesia. The Spurlock Museum perfectly presents the culture of Balinese people: on the one hand, terrible and even terrifying image of evil witch Rangda is displayed with t he help of red colors; on the other hand, the same colors were used to represent Barong. However, the ways these colors are used are rather different, and this is why such two exhibits may cause absolutely different emotions from the viewer. The mask of Rangda is another exhibit that is interesting to me in the Spurlock Museum. This mask has long hair and dark eyes with black pupils and a bit light irises. (Spurlock Museum) One gold ribbon hangs from the mouth, where four gold objects are attached. Rangda is rather a complex figure. Even if this terrible face with red tongue and sparkling eyes should cause fear, this figure is not a symbol of fear neither for the Balinese no for visitors of the Spurlock Museum. It is angry and scared. However, this very figure makes me think about the reasons why it is so. Maybe, this Rangda is a symbol of misunderstanding and fear, but fear not of the people around but because of them. This mask comes to the Spurlock Museum in 2002. It is also one of the gifts of Professor John Garvey to the museum. Such presents provide the visitors with an opportunity to learn more about the history and the traditions of the favorite countries, about people and their tastes.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on My First Spurlock Museum Exhibit specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With the help of such sculptures, the culture of the Balinese people may alive. People get a wonderful opportunity to imagine the possible development of the events by means of the images and exhibits. People always have the right of choice, and the Spurlock Museum provides its visitors with such choices. My first meeting with the exhibits of the Spurlock Museum is really amazing. I try to use all my imagination to compare and analyze the historical objects, which are left for our and future generations. Museums help us to touch our history once again and comprehend why our world is like this, why peopl e prefer to believe in old traditions instead of creating new ones and taking into account modern circumstances. The presentation of the Spurlock Museum impressed me a lot. Bright colors of each room and their unbelievable combination in one room (the first one) are one of the most interesting approaches chosen by the workers of the Spurlock Museum. It is not that easy to unite different epochs, times, and cultures. The Spurlock Museum does not confuse the visitor but helps him/her make the right choice and enjoy the beauty of the exhibitions. Next time, I want to visit the Spurlock Museum not alone in order to share this beauty and the history of different people with someone else, who will comprehend and enjoy it with me. Clifford says that after he finishes observation all the exhibits in Paradise, he wants â€Å"a more ambivalent Paradise.† (221) Almost the same happens to me, after I watch the figures of my favorite ancient characters, I want more – more exhibits, more facts, and more history about the people of Bali. Works Cited Clifford, James. Paradise. Stygall, G. Thomson Wadsworth, 2005. Spurlock Museum. University of Illinois Board of Trustees. Feb, 2003. 21 April, 2009. https://www.spurlock.illinois.edu/index.htmlAdvertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on My First Spurlock Museum Exhibit was written and submitted by user Moises Craft to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Fast food consumption in Malaysia Essays

Fast food consumption in Malaysia Essays Fast food consumption in Malaysia Essay Fast food consumption in Malaysia Essay In recent years, the major food consumption trend in developing countries is that more consumers are eating increasingly more meals outside of their homes and most of the growth in away-from-home eating has been in the fast food sector. The interest shown at the national and international levels concerning the fast food is derived from the scarcity of time in a competitive and dynamic. According to Atkins and Bowler (2001), emphasis is increasingly being placed on quick meal solutions due to the busier consumer lifestyle and dual-working families with children. Consumers lead increasingly busy lives, meaning that the time available to cook meals is being squeezed between work and leisure commitments. Cooking for many has ceased to be a leisure activity and instead is a chore. Consequently, this has placed more emphasis on fast food items. Fast-food is a rapidly growing industry in the world as well as in Malaysia, especially in the urban areas. Moreover, the food diversity in Malaysia is an implicit characteristic of the diversified culture of the country amongst the different regions within the states. Traditionally, Malaysians like to have home-cooked meals. However, going along with the times and due to the increasing awareness and influence of the western culture, there is a great shift in food consumption patterns among urban Malaysian families. Hence, studying this issue in the Malaysian context will provide deeper insights to the fast food industries, and consumer and government policy makers. The fast-food industry is perceived to be an American creation, but the â€Å"fish-n-chips† format has prevailed in the UK since the eighteenth century as an outlet where the working class could easily purchase inexpensive prepared food. In Malaysia, the American franchises have been dominating the fast-food and restaurant industry. It includes Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC), McDonalds, A W, Burger King, Subway, Starbucks, Dunkin Donuts, Pizza Hut, Domino Pizza, Kenny Rogers Roasters, Haagen Dazs, Swensons, Famous Amos, Auntie Anne’s and the Outback Steak House. Among the 6000 (approximately) franchise outlets in Malaysia, foods and beverages dominate the franchising sector (fast-food retail was about 32%), whereas, the local fast-food or Quick Service Restaurant (QSR) market was valued at $493 million (RM 1.8 billion). : At present, the largest foreign franchise operator in Malaysia is KFC. It has entered the Malaysian market in 1973, and since then KFC dominates the market with 447 outlets and 46% market share in the fast-food or QSR market. Essentially, KFC and Pizza Hut in Malaysia are owned by the same group of companies, QSR Brands Bhd which in total, controls 60% of the QSR in Malaysia. The top performers in fast-food retailing stores are KFC (46%), followed by McDonaldà ¢s (25%), and Pizza Hut (14%) (Malaysian Franchise Association, 2006). Though Malaysia is a multi racial and multi religious country, a large number of population in Malaysia are Muslims. Therefore, chicken is very popular here as it is free from religious restrictions. Since there is no significant presence of other foreign fast-food franchises in Malaysia, the American franchises are mainly competing among themselves and with several successful local fast-food retailers. The most successful local fast-food brand is â€Å"Ayamas† (Fast Food Consumption Trend in Malaysia, 2008). Problem Statement  There has been a sustained increase in the demand for convenience foods and snacks over a number of years (Traill, 1994; Keynote, 2003). The global expansion of fast food markets prepared the way for a rise in the number and power of multi-national fast-food corporations (Schlosser, 2001). Initially, due to the cultural mismatch the multinational fast-food outlets faced the challenges of getting acceptance by the Malaysian consumers. Today, the fast-food industry is being adapted to Malaysian food requirements and is a growing phenomenon in Malaysia. However, as per the author’s knowledge, little researches have been done in this field, especially in developing countries like Malaysia. Moreover, factors affecting consumer’s choice to purchase fast food can vary in a great way in Asian countries than West. Taken this opportunity into account, the current study has tried to fill this gap by exploring this issue using the country specific measures. As fast-food consumption has gained the acceptance primarily in Malaysian consumers, Malaysian consumers have been considered as the subject of the study. The problem statement for this study is therefore to understand the factors that influence fast food consumption in Malaysia. Research Objective  The objectives of this study were Research Objectives:  1. To examine the awareness of Malaysians about fast food.  .2.To analyze the consumption pattern of consumer with regard to fast food.  3. To investigate the motives of Malaysia consumer with regard to select fast food.  4. To analyze the factors that influence fast food consumption in Malaysia.  Research Questions  Are Malaysian people aware of fast food?  Fast food, it’s another word for an unhealthy meal. It’s convenient, quick and cheap and no preparation is needed. It’s the reason why many adults and children settle for this option of eating, but it’s also the reason why many of us are so unhealthy. There’s nothing good about eating fast food other than the taste. It’s high in sugar and salt and lacks in nutrition, it’s definitely not a meal that should be eaten every day. Not everything inside these fast foods is real; they contain high amounts of preservatives and artificial substances and at times even industrial chemicals.  Fast food chains such as McDonalds and Hungry Jack’s are the main cause of obesity in children and in adults. Obesity can lead to high blood pressure, diabetes, joint problems and heart disease. Also obesity is hereditary and may be passed on to affect younger ones, even if they eat a healthy diet. With obesity on the up rise, many teenagers are being either prevented or distracted from doing things helpful towards them. Not only does fast food degrade these children physically, but also mentally. These obese children may be targeted at school and be picked on because of their appearance, which may lead to low self esteem and depression.  After considering the above points, it clearly shows that fast food consumption has a negative impact on society. It interferes with our lives and at the same time is a hazard to our health. This affects us and our future generation.  The study has focused on the relations between attribute perceptions, overall customer satisfaction and store sales performance. To capture the relationship between attribute perceptions and overall customer satisfaction, we have identified how customers interpret and respond to the products and services they buy and experience. Here it is essential to distinguish between specific attributes of a product or a service and the satisfaction factor they represent. In food retailing, for instance, consumers may put high value on a factor that might be called customer service provided by the supermarket. This is an example of an abstract or subjective benefit. This abstract benefit depends on a set of related measurable at- tributes such as the disposition of the cashiers and sales associates, speed and accuracy of checkout, and availability of everyday grocery items and store cleanliness, among others. In addition to customer service, other relevant factors affecting overall customer satisfaction in grocery stores include the store ambiance, the perceived product quality of (growing) perishables departmentsnow 50 percent or more of store sales in some storessuch as fresh pro- duce, daily/bakery, seafood, fresh meat and floral, as well as the perceived value of products relative to their price. The fast food restaurants are now in the growing pace as it is convenience and suits the lifestyle of Malaysians citizens who are now having a more hectic and busy lifestyle. Fast food outlets in Malaysia provide a wide range of products and also delivery services that suits the preferences of various consumers. Fast food restaurants in Malaysia heavily promote themselves through media such as television, internet, newspaper and also brochures and pamphlets. Moreover, with the Malaysian population becoming more urban and affluent, along with media influence and foreign exposure which has resulted in growing taste for western food, fast food outlets in Malaysia such as Pizza Hut has a great future prospective. The purposed of this report is to analyze buyer behavior of consumer in fast food industry. Marketers need to recognize that internal and external aspect of buyer behavior will influence consumers buying decision making in fast food industry. Thus, marketers can use various component of buyer behavior to segment their target market in order to cater their needs and preferences with different marketing mix strategy. Furthermore, Market segmentation is also being outlined in this report. For fast food industry, segment such as demography, psychographics, socio cultural and benefit segmentation will be targeted. Moreover, in order to success in the market, Pizza Hut should understand and provide greater consumer satisfaction than its competitors. In this case, the main competitor of Pizza Hut in Malaysia is McDonald’s. Finally, future recommendation on the improvement of the marketing activities of Pizza is also provided Benefit segmentation requires finding the major benefits people look for in the product class, the kinds of people who look for each benefit and the brands that deliver each benefit (Schiffman et al., 2005). With fast food restaurant, family can decide on impulse to go out and eat, and each family can select their own food. Thus, the food preparer does not have to plan meals for the whole family (Darian and Cohen, 1995). Fast food restaurant are superior in providing this benefit especially to the very time-poor consumers that searching for this kind of benefit in selecting their food choices.  In order to understand consumers’ different perceptions and preferences of fast food outlets, it is important to understand their buyer behaviors. Understanding buyer behaviors and how they differ among consumers is very important for fast food industry to develop their marketing strategies (Kara, Kaynak and Kucukemiroglu, 1997). Here, some aspects of buyers’ behavior which are vital in developing marketing strategy or making marketing decisions for fast food outlet will outline perception as being defined as the process by which an individual receives, select, and interprets stimuli to form a meaningful and coherent picture of the world.  Consumer perceptions are vital to marketers and often underlie the success and failure of products in the marketplace (Hanna Wozniak, 2001). Fast food meals such as Pizza Hut, McDonalds and KFC tend to be perceived by customers as convenient but unhealthy. As the response to this, a number of fast food companies have reviewed the fat and sugar contents of their product ranges and reconsidered the size of portions they offer. New  ³healthy options (e.g. salad) can now be purchase from fast food such outlets such as Pizza Hut and KFC. Attitude is being defined as the way consumers think and feel about and act towards some aspect of the product, company, services or brands (Neal, Quester and Hawkins, 1999). Usually, attitudes are constant with behaviors, in this case; the consumer’s purchase behavior toward specific incentive (Schiffman et al., 2005). Different people have different attitude towards the offering in fast food restaurants. One group of people tends to think that time is an important component in selecting the place for dinner while another group only care on the quality of the food provided. Moreover consumers are also having a negative attitude towards . fast food restaurants as it is perceived to be unhealthy. Hence, it is the marketer job to induce people with these attitudes towards its product and service using advertising campaign and special offers. As illustration, the marketers in fast food outlets such as Pizza Hut has long induce the attitude change towards fast food by providing healthier menu such as salad and also emphasize on the time guarantee.

My Life Timeline Activity for Kids

My Life Timeline Activity for Kids History is sometimes a hard concept for kids to grasp- not that events happened, but that they happened to real people and that to those people it wasnt history, it was the present. One of the best activities to help show your child the idea of being a part of history is to help him create My Life Timeline depicting their history and accomplishments. Note:  One thing to remember as you tackle this activity is that a child who was adopted may find this activity a little difficult, but there are ways to adapt it to make it more general. Instead of focusing on everything that happened from the time when your child was born and beyond, think about using less specific terms, like past and present. That way your child can decide what events in his â€Å"past† are of importance to him without feeling pressured to know the details of what happened in the time before he was adopted. What Your Child Will Learn (or Practice) Your child will get a sense of historical perspective while practicing sequencing and expository writing skills. Materials Needed: Roll of butcher paper  or some pieces of paper taped together to create a strip about 6 to 10 feet long.Pencils, a ruler, and markers.Pair of scissorsGlue or tapeIndex cardsPhotos commemorating events of your child’s lifetime. (They don’t have to be big events, just a good selection of photos that span his lifetime.) Starting a My Life Timeline Provide your child with some index cards and ask him to help you think about some moments in his life that are most important or memorable to him. Start by having him write his date of birth on an index card. Tell him what day of the week he was born on and the time if you know it, and ask him to add that information to the index card, too. Then, have him label the card with a phrase like Today, I was born!Challenge him to think of other days in his life that were important in his personal history. Prompt him to think about things like brothers or sisters being born, first days of school and family vacations. Ask him to write down the events and their descriptions, one on each index card, without worrying about whether they are in order.Complete this process up to the present day. The last card might say, Made a My Life Timeline.When he’s done coming up with events, have him place all the index cards the floor or on a table. Now, ask him to sequence the events according to whe n they happened, starting with the oldest (his birth date) on the left and working toward the most recent on the right. If your child is having trouble remember which events came before others, you can help him identify when something happened. Providing him with the month and year will be a big help in putting his personal history in order.Look through the photos together to try to find one to match each index card, but don’t stress if there isn’t one. Your child can always hand illustrate an event. Putting Together a My Life Timeline Lay the piece of butcher paper down on a hard work surface (the floor works best).Help your child use the ruler to draw a horizontal line in the middle of the paper from one end to the other.Start at the left end of the paper and draw a small line upward (vertically) from the middle of the paper. This mark will represent the day your child was born. Have him write his birth date above that line. Then ask him to make a similar line at the very end of the paper, writing today’s date and a little bit about himself and his life today.Have him place the index cards- in order- between those two dates, making a small line to connect each card to the line in the middle of the paper.Ask him to match the photos with the events and put each one below the correct index card (under the line on the paper). Glue or tape the pictures and index cards in place.Let your child decorate the timeline, trace the information he’s written with markers and then tell you his personal history!

Analyze McDonald's Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analyze McDonald's - Case Study Example The headquarters of the company is still in the United States, and the current C.E.O is Don Thompson (Jurevicius, n.p). McDonald’s has an employee base of approximately 1,800,000 individuals. Over the years, McDonald’s has gained dominance in the fast food industry. The major competitors include Subway, Wendy’s Company, Burger King Worldwide Inc., Yum! and several other organizations (Jurevicius, n.p). In fact, the approach towards a healthy diet has led the company to making some changes in its presentation and menu, as well as increased the level of competition. As mentioned above, regardless of the fall in the number of clients, the company is still the largest fast food restaurant on earth. The company is estimated to have made revenue of $27.56 billion in 2012, which makes a profit of $5.46 billion (Jurevicius, n.p). In addition, the company has a $40 billion brand recognition value. These factors all indicate the magnitude of McDonald’s dominance in the fast food industry. These staggering figures are still a drop in the company’s market with the biggest hit coming from individuals between their 20s and 30s (Jargon, n.p). The decrease in the younger individuals is mainly due to the education that society possesses today in terms of healthy eating. Individuals in this demographic are now are resorting to more organic and fresher foods. In addition, there are now many options where these individuals can get these foods with approximately the same amount of money they would pay for a combo meal (Jargon, n.p). McDonald’ s has made some adjustments in the menu by introduction of healthy salads as well as displaying the number of calories in each meal. According to studies, in approximately forty percent of the McDonald’s the sales have fallen or remained flat. Initially, the target market of the company was comprised of children and working adults or students who do not have

Qulaity in Human Resource Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 11000 words

Qulaity in Human Resource Managment - Essay Example Several researches and philosophies have been obtained by different researchers intending to improve the quality of human resource management in business organizations. For this particular review of literature, nine of such philosophies have been selected that are reviewed below. Evans and Lindsay (2008) in their studies discussed about Crosby’s philosophy of quality in human resources management. Philip B. Crosby was associated with International Telephone and Telegraph (ITT) where he remained the corporate vice president for quality serving for a period of 14 years. He determined some of the essential elements of quality improvement that were named as Crosby’s Absolutes of Quality Management. According to his philosophy, â€Å"quality means conformance to requirements, not elegance† thus focusing on the fact that requirements in terms of quality need to be clearly stated such that misunderstandings do not occur (Evans and Lindsay 2008). It is the responsibility of the management to set the requirements trying to avoid non-conformances. The philosophy explains that there are no direct problems related to quality; rather problems are caused by departments that are in responsibility of managing and sustaining quality of work and productiv ity, for example, problems of manufacturing, problems of design, and so on (Evans and Lindsay 2008). According to Crosby, economical problems do not arise with quality management if the right job is done at the right time. Performance can only be measures in terms of the cost of the quality that reflects the cost of non-conformance. The basic elements that Crosby determined for improvement of quality included determination, education, and implementation. The top management of an organization needs to consider the quality improvement process seriously and make effective use of the managerial and organizational resources towards achieving such quality (Evans and Lindsay 2008). Wolper (2004) discussed in his studies

Lawyer Ed Masry on a referral Essay Example for Free

Lawyer Ed Masry on a referral Essay Erin Brockovich is a true American hero who’s icon status and â€Å"stick-to-it-iveness† only fuels her determination to expose injustice and lend her voice to those who do not have one. Erin Brockovich is a single mother, unemployed, struggling to make ends meet in a world not particularly kind to single moms. After a car accident leads her to seek legal redress, she meets lawyer Ed Masry on a referral. When he loses her lawsuit, she shows up at his office, demanding a job, barely hiding her desperation. Intimidated, Ed gives her one. By pursuing her own curiosity she brings on a difficult and huge case about PGE. PGE’s desire to increase its profits was so big that they didn’t even care about their neighbors’ health or security. In a world where heroes are often in short supply, the story of Erin Brockovich is an inspirational reminder of the power of the human spirit. Her passion, tenacity and steadfast desire to fight for the rights of the underdog defied the odds. Her victory made even more sweet by the fact that while helping others, she in turn helped herself. This story is not just a triumph of the little guy over the big nasty corporation, its the journey of one woman down the path of self-discovery as well. If only the world had more â€Å"Erin Brockoviches† in it, perhaps there would be more honesty in it. Profile of an extraordinary woman â€Å"She brought a small town to its feet and a huge corporation to its knees.† After watching the movie I realized that Erins public self was pretty much the same as her private self: she treated Ed, her boss in the same manner as she treated George, her boyfriend. Erin didnt take crap from anybody but at times she did let her aggressions take over. Most of the time these hostilities would lead her in contempt, but in the long run usually worked out for the best. It was a good way to get her point across at times but from my perspective she could have approached some of these situations a little differently, for example the night Erin met George she could have asked him nicely to be quiet instead of chewing him out angrily, even after he tried repeatedly to apologize to her. She is aggressive and she loses her temper easily. Another example of this is point where Ed takes on a partner for advice and help with costs on the PGE cases and when Erin walks in and finds out, she immediately feels offended and flies off the handle when she could have used a pillow method so to speak, to look at the situation from Eds point of view and realize that taking on this partner was in the best interests of the case. Incensed by what she has found, Erin begins a crusade to make Pacific Gas Electric accountable for the illness and death that they have caused. Driven by her own persistence and desire to seek justice for the townspeople, Erin goes door to door to sign up over 600 plaintiffs for a direct-action lawsuit against PGE. However, not everyone shares Erins enthusiasm to see justice done with PGE being the largest employer in the area, Erin finds a number of townspeople leery of rocking the boat. Nonetheless, Erins persistence and the personal interest she takes in their lives makes them listen. She is one of them. A kindred spirit and her ability to connect with them on their level makes them comfortable, ultimately earning their trust. She thrives on being the voice for those who don’t know how to yell. Along with trust and honesty comes respect. When a person is trusted and shown to be honest, that person is respected for those reasons. Erin experiences respect of her for the first time with the community of Hinkley. Once she knows how it feels to be respected, she realizes how valuable that asset can be: â€Å"For the first time in my life, I’ve got people respecting me. When I walk into a room, people shut up to see if I have anything to say. I never had that before. Please, don’t ask me to give that up.† Erin was also respected for her compassion and selflessness. She genuinely cared about every single victim of P.G. E.’s lie. She proved this fact when Theresa said Erin’s files needed some holes filled in and Erin recited from memory all the information Theresa wanted and more. Someone who doesn’t have compassion and caring for the townspeople of Hinkley would not have been able to do that. When Erin is hired there is some internal grumbling at the law firm, as a number of Erins co-workers resent her outspoken personality and questionable style of dress. She talks in a non-polite way, she always goes straight to her point and she is not afraid of saying what’s in her mind, she is brutally honest: â€Å"Thats all you got, lady. Two wrong feet and ugly shoes!† She also loves ironies: â€Å"I just went out there and performed sexual favors†. Erin is always able to get the evidences she needs by using the means she has, she is extremely confident.

Essay --

Personal choices are very important in one’s life. The stories that will be compared are, â€Å"The Use of Force†, by William Carlos Williams and â€Å"Lather and Nothing Else†, by Hernando Tellez. It is how the protagonists deal with a situation and how they use their intellectual thinking to deal with the situation. However, personal choices can change the outcome of a conflict, which will either be insightful or pessimistic. People make their own personal choices in everyday life. If the personal choices are not well-made, the conflict can either have a positive conclusion or negative conclusion. People make their own person choices in everyday life. In William Carlos Williams â€Å"The Use of Force† and Hernando Tellez’s â€Å"Lather and Nothing Else†, the protagonists make their own decisions based on the conflict they are confronted with. Williams and Tellez place the protagonists in an occupation in which both protagonists are met with a new customer. In Williams’ story, the doctor approaches a patient and is concerned about the patient’s illness. He uses his professional manner to determine whether or not the child has a sore throat. Similarly, in Tellez’s story, the barber has a customer come in and is responsible for shaving Captain Torres’ beard. The beginning of both stories shows how both of the protagonists are responsible for performing their tasks to the best of their ability. Moving forward, both protagonists come across with a problem. When the doctor attempts an examination, the patient does not respond coopera tively. The attempt at an examination rapidly escalates into a physical battle because the physician is not able to perform his job. In the same way, when Torres takes a seat, the barber realizes, it is his nemesis. Torres ... ...Tellez’s story ended with an exceptional closure because excellent moves were made by the barber. Williams took the protagonist in a negative route and conversely Tellez took the protagonist in a positive route. Personal choices can change the conflict, either leading to an upright ending or depraved ending. To conclude, personal choices are very significant in one’s life. In â€Å"The Use of Force†, by William Carlos Williams and â€Å"Lather and Nothing Else, by Hernando Tellez, both authors showed how people make their own judgments every day in life. However, the stories were different in certain cases because the decisions made by the individual caused the conflict to either end in an optimistic way or undesirable way. Personal choices are important because they help people solve conflicts, but the person must be careful if there personal choice they create is strong.

Historical Perspectives in Special Education Essay

Autism Spectrum Disorder There are many different definitions for the term special education. An effective definition for special education is that its specialized instruction that students with disabilities are entitled to receive as articulated in IDEA, (Friend, M). There are many different disabilities that can entitle a student to special education. Students are entitled due to learning disorders, mental retardation, physical disabilities, and also disorders such as autism. In this paper I will discuss doctors, schools, and educators that has had made a difference in the life of a student with autism. Born, February 18, 1906, Hans Asperger was an Austrian pediatrician that published the first definition of Asperger’s Syndrome in 1944. Asperger did a study on four boys and acknowledged a pattern of behavior and abilities that he called â€Å"autistic psychopathy†. The word autistic means self and psychopathy means personality disease. According to Asperger, the pattern included a lack of empathy, little ability to form friendships, one-sided conversations, intense abruptions in a special interest, and clumsy movements. Children with Asperger’s Syndrome had the ability to discuss their favorite subject in great detail and for that reason Asperger often called them â€Å"little professors†. Asperger passed away October 21, 1980, before the identification of this pattern of behavior became widely recognized. Today, technology plays a major role in the life of a student with ASD such as the software Mind Reading, which helps them cope with the disorder ASD and learn different skills daily. Mind Reading is a software that covers the entire spectrum of emotions, and is suitable for the ages of 5 through adult hood. Using the software can help a student explore over 412 emotions, allowing them to hear the emotions by six different people. Mind Reading also provides context, there are 2472 faces, voices, and stories about emotions. Mind Reading is inexpensive for its value. Parents can purchase Mind Reading for $129 for the DVD that contains the emotions library module, games zone, and learning center modules. This DVD can also be run on computers. There is a more expensive software starting at $499 that would be used for classrooms. This device is the DVD with Site License. This package contains 4CDROM disks that are used to install the product directly to the hardware. Mind Reading software can be helpful to a student with ASD in a classroom, by helping them learn their emotions and how to cope with them. This software allowing them to hear so many voices, see so many faces, and hear many different stories gives them the knowledge that they are not the only one’s feeling those different emotions. Aside from the Mind Reading software, there are also different institutions that are helpful to students with ASD and tend to their emotions. There are places such as the New England Center for Children that’s available to students with ASD. NECC has twenty-five years of practical experience. Located in Massachusetts, it is accessible to students with ASD from all over. NECC has a commitment to respectfully provide high quality educational services, and to help each student to reach his or her individual potential and to lead a productive and independent a life as possible. NECC offers several services such as academic, speech and language therapy; development of social and life skills, vocational training, physical education, occupational therapy, family services, outreach services and health care. Independence is strictly emphasized at NECC. There are schools such as Heartspring that serves children with various disabilities as well as schools such as Pacific Autism Center for Education that has residential group homes. Parents may prefer to send their children to a school that serves children with ADS versus an inclusion classroom, because their needs are specifically identified at a school for ASD. Inclusion classrooms are great for social skills but it can cause confusion when it comes to there needs being met. Schools are not the only supporters of ASD; there are also several agencies that serve students with ASD. Bernard Rimland founded the Autism Society of America (ASA) in 1965. ASA is dedicated to increasing public awareness about autism and the day-to-day issues faced by individuals with autism, there families and the professionals they interact with. ASA and its chapters share a common mission of providing information and education as well as research and advocating for programs and services for the autism community. An important service that ASA provides is valuable peer support. Peer support is valuable because it brings together parents and families who are dealing with the same emotions as the others; rather they are joyful or painful. Overall, I believe that if Hans Asperger was still alive today he would be actively involved in the different organizations and agencies providing services for students with ASD. The study that Hans Asperger did has increased in knowledge and if he was still alive today he would have contributed to the study done and correct the assumptions done by society. If Hans Asperger could send a message to me a future professor, it would probably say to be patient with the students with ASD and to take the time to try and understand them. Hans story has inspired me as a future teacher because he watched two young children and noticed something different in them. With what he noticed he did a study and found interesting facts that nobody else ever noticed. That alone has been an inspiration, and a note to me to watch your students and notices there differences it could have a special meaning behind it. Works Cited ASA, The Voice of America. (2004). Chapter Descriptions. Retrieved March 20, 2006 from http://www.autism-society.org/site/PageServer?pagename=ChapterIntro Autism Coach. (2004). Mind Reading. Retrieved March 20, 2006, from http://autismcoach.com/Mind%20Reading.htm The New England Center for Children. (2001). Programs and Services. Retrieved March 27, 2006, from http://www.necc.org/programs_services/services.asp Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (2006). Hans Asperger. Retrieved March 20, 2006, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hans_Asperger&printable=yes

Cola explosion Essay

Cola Explosion When the Mentos come into contact with the Diet Coke, a reaction causes the rapid formation of foam. it is concluded that the potassium benzoate, aspartame, and C02 gas contained in the Diet Coke, in combination with the gelatin and gum arabic ingredients of the Mentos, all contribute to the formation of the foam. The structure of the Mentos is the most significant cause of the eruption due to nucleation. MythBusters reported that when fruit-flavored Mentos with a smooth waxy coating were tested in carbonated drink there was hardly a reaction, whereas int-flavored Mentos (with no such coating) added to carbonated drink formed an energetic eruption, affirming the nucleation-site theory. The surface of the mint Mentos is covered with many small holes that increase the surface area available for reaction (and thus the quantity of reagents exposed to each other at any given time), thereby allowing C02 bubbles to form with the rapidity and quantity necessary for the â€Å"Jet†- or â€Å"geyser†-like nature of the effusion. Each Mentos candy has thousands of mall pores on its surface which disrupt the polar attractions between water molecules, creating thousands of ideal nucleation sites for the gas molecules to congregate. In non-science speak, this porous surface creates a lot of bubble growth sites, allowing the carbon dioxide bubbles to rapidly form on the surface of the Mentos. (If you use a smooth surfaced Mentos candy, you won’t get nearly same the reaction. ) The buoyancy of the bubbles and their growth will eventually cause the bubbles to leave the nucleation site and rise to the surface of the soda. Bubbles will continue to form on the porous surface and the process will repeat, creating a nice, foamy geyser. In addition to that, the gum arabic and gelatin ingredients of the Mentos, combined with the potassium benzoate, sugar or (potentially) aspartame in diet sodas, also help in this process. In these cases, the ingredients end up lowering the surface tension of the liquid, allowing for even more rapid bubble growth on the porous surface of the Mentos†higher surface tension would make it a more difficult environment for bubbles to form. Compounds like gum arabic that lower surface tension are called â€Å"surfactants†). Diet sodas produce a bigger reaction than non-diet sodas because aspartame lowers the surface tension of the liquid much more than sugar or corn syrup will. You can also increase the effect by adding more surfactants to the soda when you add the Mentos, like adding a mixture of dishwasher soap and water. Bubble theory: How bubbles form in liquids In most liquids, there is some dissolved gas. In high surface tension liquids, like water, it is tough for bubbles to orm, because water molecules like to be next to other water molecules (capillary forces). To overcome this, a nucleation site is generally needed. Gas molecules congregate next to nucleation sites, which break up the network of water molecules. When enough are gathered, they form a bubble. Due to capillary forces, the bubble will initially stay at its nucleation site. But usually, the buoyancy of the bubble will eventually cause it to rise, as more and more gas molecules collect in the bubble. More fun bubble facts†¦ When a soda is bottled, it is bottled under a relatively high pressure of C02 that is opened without shaking high pressure C02 above the liquid escapes, making the familiar hiss. The C02 in the liquid slowly escapes until equilibrium is achieved. When the unopened can is shaken, some of the gaseous C02 gets mixed into the liquid, forming a supersaturated solution. The mixed in gas also provide growth sites for the dissolved C02. The growth sites allow the C02 to escape much more rapidly– hence the â€Å"explosive† evolution of C02 gas.

Spanish Verbs Related to Tener

Spanish Verbs Related to Tener Tener is one of many verbs in Spanish that can be combined with several prefixes to form new verbs. Although tener doesnt have a cognate (an equivalent word with a common ancestor) in English, the verbs derived from it do, and they are among the English verbs ending in -tain. Thus detener has the same origin as the English detain, mantener is related to maintain, and so on. But just because Englishs -tain words are related to Spanishs -tener verbs doesnt mean that they are exact matches. For example, detener and retener are often interchangeable in Spanish as their meanings can be quite similar, but the English verbs are less likely to be used synonymously. Similarly, the meanings of to hold something up and to defend a viewpoint can both be expressed in Spanish with sostener and mantener, while the English verbs tend to have less overlap in meaning. The Nine Verbs Here are the nine most common Spanish verbs derived from tener along with some of their most usual meanings and sample sentences: Abstener Abstener is usually used in its reflexive form abstenerse and typically means to deliberately refrain from something. It is usually followed by de. Mi padre tiene que abstenerse del alcohol. (My father has to abstain from alcohol.)Me abstengo de pensar en las cosas malas que han pasado. (I refuse to think about the bad things that have happened.)El presidente fue interrumpido por su abogado para que abstuviera de atacar a su rival polà ­tica. (The president was interrupted by lawyer so that he would keep from attacking his political rival. Atener Atener refers to keeping within some figurative boundaries, such as by heeding instructions or obeying the law. In more general usage, it can refer to merely paying attention to or dealing with a situation. As in the first two examples below, it is often used in the reflexive. Es importante que nos atenemos la ley. (It is important that we obey the law.)Pero no puedo atenerme a ella todo el tiempo. (I cant attend myself to her all the time.)Las autoridades no atienen el problema. (The authorities arent dealing with the problem.) Contener Contener has two categories of meaning: to control or restrain, and to contain or include. La jarra contiene dos litros. (The jug contains two liters.)Muchas veces  contuvo su enojo. (She often controlled her anger.)Los champà ºs de limpieza profunda contienen un ingrediente cido como vinagre de manzana. (The deep-cleaning shampoos include a high-acid ingredient such as apple vinegar.) Detener Detener usually means to stop something or detain someone, such as by arresting. La policà ­a detuvo a once personas. (The police arrested eleven people.)Es importante que detengas todo ese caos. (It is important that you stop all this chaos.) Entretener Meanings of entretener include to distract, to entertain, to delay, and to maintain. Se entretuvieron buscando un coche. (They got distracted looking for a car.)No ha entretenido su coche. (He has not maintained his car.)Se entretenà ­a por tocar el piano. (She entertained herself by playing the piano.) Mantener Mantener can refer to maintaining in the broad sense of the word, such as by physically supporting, sustaining, remaining, and keeping. Los precios se mantuvieron estables. (Prices remained stable.)Mantenga limpia Espaà ±a. (Keep Spain clean.)Roberto se mantiene con caramelos. (Roberto keeps himself going with candy.)Se ha mantenido como nuevo. (It has been maintained like new.) Obtener Obtener is the cognate of obtain but is used more informally and frequently than the English word. It is often translated as to get. Obtuve la firma del actor. (I got the actors signature.)Quiere obtener dos archivos de audio. (She wants to get two audio files.) Retener Retener has most of the meanings of to retain, such as to retain, to hold back, to deduct, and to keep. Retenieron el avià ³n presidencial por una deuda. (They held back the presidential plane because of a debt.)Muchas empresas retienen impuestos. (Many businesses deduct taxes.)Retengo en la cabeza todos los lugares que he visto. (I retain in my head every place I have seen.) Sostener Like sustain, sostener refers to supporting something. Los tres bloques sostienen la casa. (The three blocks hold up the house.)No puedo sostener mi opinià ³n. (I cant support  my position.) Related Words Here are some words that are derived from or otherwise related to the above verbs along with some common meanings: abstemio (teetotaler), abstencià ³n (abstention), abstencionismo (abstentionism)contenedor (container), contenido (contents)detencià ³n (arrest, a halt)entretenido (entertaining), entretenimiento (entertainment, pastime)mantenimiento (maintenance, upkeep)obtencià ³n (an obtaining)retencià ³n (detention, deduction, retention)sostà ©n (a support), sostenido (sustained) Conjugation of the ‘-tener’ Verbs All of the verbs based on tener are conjugated irregularly in the same way that tener is. For example, the first-person singular indicative is of tener is tengo, so the same form of the other verbs are abstengo, atengo, contengo, etc.

Definition and Examples of an Ad Hominem Fallacy

Definition and Examples of an Ad Hominem Fallacy Ad hominem is a logical  fallacy  that involves a personal attack: an argument based on the perceived failings of an adversary rather than on the merits of the case. In short, its when your rebuttal to an opponents position is an irrelevant attack on the opponent personally rather than the subject at hand, to discredit the position by discrediting its supporter. It translates as against the man. Using an ad hominem fallacy pulls the publics attention off the real issue and serves only as a distraction. In some contexts its unethical.  Its also called argumentum ad hominem, abusive ad hominem, poisoning the well, ad personam, and mudslinging. The attacks serve as red herrings to try to discredit or blunt the opponents argument or make the public ignore it- its not just a personal attack but one stated as a counterattack to the position.   Ad Hominem Arguments That Arent Fallacies Just as there can be negative attacks (or insults) against someone that arent ad hominem arguments, there can also be a valid ad hominem argument thats not a ​fallacy. This works to convince the opposition of a premise using information that the opposition already believes to be true, whether or not the person making the argument believes them as factual.      Also, if the point of criticism of the opponent is an ethical or moral violation for someone wholl be in a position to enforce moral standards (or claims to be ethical), the ad hominem might not be irrelevant to the point at hand. If there is a conflict of interest that is being hidden- such as personal gain that has clearly influenced a persons position- the ad hominem could be relevant. Gary Goshgarian and colleagues give this example of a conflict of interest in their book An Argument Rhetoric and Reader:   The organizer of a petition to build a state-supported recycling center may seem reasonably suspect if it is revealed that he owns the land on which the proposed recycling center would be built. While the property owner may be motivated by sincere environmental concerns, the direct relationship between his position and his personal life makes this fair game for a challenge (Gary Goshgarian, et al.,  Addison-Wesley, 2003). Types of Ad Hominem Arguments An abusive ad hominem fallacy is a direct attack on the person. For example, it occurs when the opponents appearance is brought up in the discussion. Youll see this a lot of times when men are discussing positions of female opponents. The persons clothes and hair and personal attractiveness are brought up during the discussion when they have nothing to do with the subject matter. Looks and clothes never come into the discussion, however, when the mens points of views come up for debate.   The scary thing, as T.E. Damer writes, is that most abusers apparently believe that such characteristics actually provide good reasons for ignoring or discrediting the arguments of those who have them (Attacking Faulty Reasoning. Wadsworth, 2001). The circumstantial  ad hominem fallacy happens when the opponents circumstances come into play, irrelevantly.   A  tu quoque  fallacy is when the opponent points out how the arguer doesnt follow his or her own advice.  Its also called an appeal to  hypocrisy, for that reason. An opponent might say, Well, thats the pot calling the kettle black.   Ad Hominem Examples Political campaigns, especially the tiresome negative attack ads, are full of fallacious ad hominem examples (as well as just negative attacks, without any positions stated).  Unfortunately, they work, otherwise, candidates wouldnt use them. In a study, scientists had people evaluate scientific claims paired with attacks. They found that attacks on positions based on ad hominem fallacies were just as effective as attacks based on evidence. Allegations of conflict of interest were just as effective as allegations of fraud. In political campaigns, ad hominem attacks are nothing new. Yvonne Raley, writing for Scientific American, noted that during the presidential campaign of 1800, John Adams was called a fool, a gross hypocrite and an unprincipled oppressor. His rival, Thomas Jefferson, on the other hand, was deemed an uncivilized atheist, anti-American, a tool for the godless French.†Ã‚   Examples of different types of ad hominem fallacies and arguments include: Abusive: During the 2016  presidential campaign, Donald Trump threw out one abusive ad hominem attack after another about Hillary Clinton, such as, Now you tell me she looks presidential, folks. I look presidential, as if clothing were the important issue at hand.  Circumstantial: Thats what youd expect someone like him/her to say or Thats, of course, the position a ___________ would have.Poisoning the well:  Take, for example, a movie reviewer who dislikes a Tom Cruise movie because of the actors religion and tries to impose negative bias in the audience members minds before they see the film. His religious affiliation is completely unrelated to his acting ability or whether the movie is entertaining.Relevant ad hominem arguments: It was relevant to attack  Jimmy Swaggart after he was found with a prostitute yet purported to be an advisor and leader on moral issues. But hes not alone as far as preaching morality and not behaving. Any congressman who purports family values an d commits adultery, is caught with pornography, or hires prostitutes- and especially those who lie about it- is legitimately open for character attacks.   Guilt by association: If a person expresses the same (or a similar) view as someone whos already viewed negatively, that person and the viewpoint will then be viewed negatively. Whether the viewpoint is valid doesnt matter; its tarnished because of the person whos viewed negatively.Ad feminam: Using female stereotypes to attack a viewpoint is an ad feminam fallacy, for example, calling someones viewpoint irrational because of pregnancy, menopause, or menstruation hormones.

Current Event Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 18

Current Event Paper - Assignment Example Rousek, 2014, reported high Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) in Czech Republic and Hungary. The PMI is the broad indicator of manufacturing sector health, adding up new orders, inventory sizes, recruitment levels, and supplier deliveries. A PMI reading of figures above 50 is an indicator of expansion in manufacturing. A figure below 50, on contrary, indicates contraction in manufacturing level. Agata, HSBC economist noted in the article that a marginal increase in PMI occurred between the months of September and July, a faint positive sign. He added on that new export orders declined only moderately. Poland recorded a PMI of 49.5, and a figure noted to be slightly below average and standard mark. An increase in manufacturing activities in Czech Republic and Hungary as reported by Rousek, 2014, prompts companies to expand their inventory management. Inventory management entails coordination and supervision of adequate goods to suit current production level in the company. In the article, Rousek, 2014, addresses PMI increase in production in Czech Republic and Hungary. PMI is an indicator of inventory sizes. An increase in inventory sizes among manufacturing companies is a critical indicator of the necessity to enhance efficiency in companies’ inventory departments. Rousek, L. (October 1, 2014). Factory Output Varies in Central Europe with Czech, Hungary Going Strong, Poland Stalling. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from,

The Tyranny of the Majority Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Tyranny of the Majority - Essay Example Gayism and lesbianism are two practices strictly prohibited in the Arab world, and any one seized in the practice or openly advocates to have practiced it face dire consequences. Massad observed that the supporters of gay international movement have produced literature used to disseminate information about gays and lesbianism in the Arab world. Moreover, Mossad noted the oppression in which most gays and lesbians leave in the Arab world, and most of them do not dare come out, though there are reported numerous cases of male homoeroticism. The fact that people fear coming out openly as gays or lesbians explains the precarious situation of these people in the Arab world, where culture is held conservatively, and all expected to tow a single line of culture and religion. In fact, Mossad remarks that the concept of homosexuality in the Arab world is considered unfamiliar as people do not expect to have any homosexuals or lesbians among their societies. Amar explains the perceptions of most leaders in the society towards those considered undertaking odd practices within a society. The Brazilian purity campaigns targeted prostitutes in all Brazilian cities. The prostitutes were considered an eye sore and a bad image to the cities and the country at large and had to be removed. As Amar explains, the main motive behind the massive sweeps of prostitutes in Brazilian cities was to facilitate the country clean its name not to be associated with promotion of sex tourism and prostitution. 4 The use of the church, provincial military police, feminist groups and international organizations, though obligated to help poor people involved in prostitution  targeted  getting rid of prostitutes from cities. On the contrary, the aim was not offering help to prostitutes to change their lives towards more sociable behavior. In this case, the police  were  the â€Å"moral guardians of the society and the campaigns were aimed at â€Å"disciplining the public sociability.5 This was a case of tyranny of the majority; they forced norms and values to others regardless of their views and perceptions. For many years, the American whites had protected the purity of the white race by discouraging and even criminalizing any sexual association between with whites and immigrants from Asia or Africa. Shah reported the surveillance of the borderlands that brought an ambiguity of contingency to protect American men from threats posed by different groups of masculinities, considered fo reign and degenerate.6 Therefore, racialization increased construction of masculinity in America  based on racial and sexual topologies necessary for  checking any relationships between their males and foreign immigrants. The immigrants were considered impure and a threat to the purity for the whites. Moreover, Naber explains the efforts to create Arab cultural identity especially among daughters in families.7 As Naber remarked, when a daughter rejected the concept of Arab womanhood even after migrating to a

The Development and Acceptance of Labor Arbitration Essay

The Development and Acceptance of Labor Arbitration - Essay Example The regulations set in this case do not allow for concessions, therefore it sets clear guidelines to ensure that the bargain is done in good faith and to the benefit of both parties. Arbitration process involves the appointment of a third neutral party (an Arbiter) who will be charged with the duty of holding formal and informal hearings concerning the differences. The Arbiter will then from the facts drawn from the hearings make a conclusion that binds the two warring factions. His decision must be respected as it is enforceable by the law (Coleman, 1997, pp.36-38). This research paper will look into the historical context of the development and acceptance of the arbitration process in the labor field, particularly during the period and prior to WW II and through the war. The paper will also look at one significant case (Morse's Leadership) which resulted into a great impact on the management of labor relations in the past. Arbitration is as old as humanity and has been used in the world over to settle disputes between people and even among nations at war. This paper will zero in on industrial labor arbitration between employers and employees prior and during World War Two. The concept of arbitration was used to prevent the differences between the parties from escalating into chaos and turning tragic due to workers' strikes. The concept became a vital requirement in the 20th Century with the rapid industrialization and formation of labor unions (Hinchcliff, 1991, p.231). In the United States, it started in1935 with the passage of NLR (National Labor Relations) Act and proceeded into and during the WWII. President Roosevelt Franklin saw the need to help iron out the differences in industries that produced steel and other war materials so that the ensuing labor differences may not escalate and lead to shortage war paraphernalia (Hinchcliff, 1991, p.251). Far much more than the World War One, the World Wa r Two involved aggressive commitment of all nations in the globe. The whole human resources as well as the economic resources were directed to combat the vice. Both combatants and the non-combatants were affected and the expansion of the battle field to cover the enemies' boarders dealt a big blow to the world economy. The ability of a country to survive the war was therefore determined by its capacity to handle industrial and personnel requirement during the Great War. These two sectors which were already strained the war only aggravated the situation. There was a need to keep the human capital under control and at the same time produce enough to run the demands of the war. At its infancy, the law was never at all friendly with arbitration of any form. It was viewed by many as a means of overshadowing and usurpation of the judiciary. The courts were very hostile with it establishment. Their view was that the system was geared to drive them from the office and be rendered jobless through complete ousting of the jurisdiction process (McKelvey, 1957, p.14). To counter the new development, the courts declined to order specific performances of an executor for arbitration and also refused to allow for anything over the nominal damages for a breach of an

Indirect Tension Test Analysis

Indirect Tension Test Analysis IDT The indirect tension test involves applying compressive loads on cylindrical specimen. This would develop uniform tensile stress perpendicular to direction of applied load as shows in figure1. Resulted horizontal and vertical tensile deformation is measured using linear variable displacement transducers(LVDTS). The specimen is loaded until splitting along axis of applied load as shows in figure 2 [1].   Different type of loading mode, temperature and device setup modification were used to measure different material properties. IDT test have many advantages such as simplicity in accompanying test, and preparation samples. Specimens failure is started in uniform tensile stress, and it is not affected by surface condition of specimen make it popular test in pavement .   [2] AC mixture properties obtained by load, displacement time plots at different loading mode and temperature as shows in figures 2.   Initially, IDT was used to measure strength of specimen. It was defined as the maximum load on specimen until failure. It is loaded with constant deformation rate at specified temperature until failure. The strength was obtained by dividing peak load of specimen, on it diameter and thickness using u equation 1.The detailed procedure is described in [4], where it was recommended to test material with 50mm/min loading rate , at 77 °F Equation 1 Where: St = tensile strength, kPa (psi)P = maximum load, N (lbf)t = specimen height immediately before tensile test, mm(in.), D = specimen diameter, mm (in.) Indirect Tensile Creep Tests In addition, ITD is used to conduct creep compliance test on mixture.   These values was addressed by Superpave specification to prevent thermal cracking, also, it is one of primary inputs in ASSHTO ME design method. Creep compliance represent ratio between time-dependent (creep) strain to applied stress as function of time. It is reflected the stiffness and time-dependence of material .[2].. In this test, the specimen is loaded with constant static load, that make Maximum measured horizontal strain below 500-10-6 mm. Three measurement is taken at three different temperature, selected based in PG grading of binder. The creep compliance calculated as function of time   using equationS 2,3. The detailed procedure is described in [5]. Equation 2 Equation 3 Where: D(t) = creep compliance at time t (kPa) GL = gauge length in meters (0.038 meters for 150 mm diameter specimens) Davg = average diameter of all specimens [typically 3] (nearest 0.001 meter) bavg = average thickness of all specimens [typically 3] (nearest 0.001 meter) Pavg = average creep load (kN) ΔXtm,t = trimmed mean of the normalized, horizontal deformations (nearest 0.001meter) of all specimen faces [typically 6] at time t (X/Y)absolute value of the ratio of the normalized, trimmed mean of the horizontal Also, it was used to determine resilient modulus of pavement mixture. Resilient modulus is stiffness measurement, reflecting material behavior within undamaged loading mode. It was defined as ratio between applied stress to recoverable strain.   Within IDT device a cyclic load is applied to give specimen enough time to recoverable it is strain. Each cycle included applying compressive load, followed by rest period. Horizontal and vertical recoverable deformation is recorded within test as shows in figure 3. It is used to calculate Passions ratios, to obtain the resilient modulus using equation 2 and 3. Two different values of resilient modulus could be obtained, based on measured deformation. Instantaneous resilient modulus depends on instantaneous recoverable deformation during unloading of each cycle.   Total resilient modulus is obtained using total recoverable deformation including both instantaneous and time-dependent recoverable deformation. Detailed test procedure is descr ibed in[6]. Three specimens with (4 or 6) in diameter, (1.5 or 2) height are tested at (77 ±2F). Initially, 100 loading cycles are applied, to get five stable cycle with less than 1 % change on resilient modulus. Loading levels are selected as   ( 10 20 ) percentage of one specimen. Instantaneous deformation is represented as difference between peak and curve deformation. Total deformation was determined as difference between peak and end of one loaded- unloaded cycle as shows in figure 3. Figure 3[6] load, displacement time plots for IDT test output Equation 2 Equation 3 Where : µ = Poissons ratio,ÃŽ ´v = the recoverable vertical, mm (in.)ÃŽ ´h = the recoverable horizontal   deformation, mm (in.) MR = resilient modulus of elasticity, MPa (psi),ÃŽ ´h = recoverable horizontal deformation, mm (in.), I1,I2,I3,I4: Constant values depends on   gauge length as a fraction of diameter specimen µ = instantaneous or total Poissons ratio,t = thickness of specimen, mm (in.),Pcyclic = Pmax Pcontact = cyclic load applied to specimen, N(lb),Pmax = maximum applied load, N (lb) andPcontact = contact load, N (lb) Indirect Tensile Fatigue Tests IThe specimen tested for fatigue under repeated load mode. The fatigue life was represented by number of cycle until failure during the test.Different fatigue criteria were developed within on IDT test. Number of cycles to complete failure (Nf); or 50 %   reduction in resilient modulus of its initial value was used [7].[8] defined it as   when the   permeant horizontal deformation ranges between 0.25-0.38 in. However   [3]   found dramatically increasing in total horizontal deformation was happened after a value of 0.1 in and select as failure criteria. [9] define it as the point when horizontal deformation increase in faster rate more than constant rate. [10]   select   a value of   9 mm   of total vertical deformation as failure criteria.[11], introduced theoretical criteria based on energy ratio for both control stress and strain mode of loading. [2] introduced logit model used fracture energy as indicator for fatigue based on fatigue cracking.[12]   used visco elastic continuum damage (VECD) model   to predict fatigue life. A single-characteristic curve of an asphalt mixture and is independent of loading types (C1-S1 curve) model was used. A 50 % reduction in normalized pseudostiffness (C1) was selected as failure criteria.   [13] introduced new approach based on crack development. Two digital cameras were used to record development of cracks every minute. The failure criteria was selected as number loading cycle when rapid crack beginning. Two asphalt mixture, dense graded and stone mastic were tested based on AASHTP TP9-96. Control-stress mode of loading was used at 20 C with 10HZ frequency. Two digital cameras were used to record development of cracks every minute, as shows in the figure 3. Scion Image software was used to analysis results images. Both length and width of cracks was recorded. The failure criteria was selected as number loading cycle when rapid crack beginning. Figure 4[13] overlay tester   (OT) The overlay test was introduced by [14] to induced resulted displacement   from temperature change at layers below the overlay. The original OT was upgraded to test HMA laboratory mixes and field cores. The specimen size was modified to be obtained from superpave gyratory compactor samples (figure 6) and fully computer controlled system is used to control the test   [15] . The test setup shows in figure 7 two steel blocks, one free to slides horizontally, while the other is fixed. The sliding process reflects the opening and closing of cracks or joint in pavement thus, will represent the two-stage fatigue process in pavement. The crack initiation, includes growing of micro-cracks and the crack propagation, represented by macro cracks on surface layer .[16]. Figure 5 Overlat test setup,[15] Figure 6 OT Sample preparation[15] The Trimmed specimen is glued with epoxy between two blocks. The sliding is applied cyclic triangular waveform direct tension on the specimen. It is controlled with maximum displacement opening. The test could   be conducted with loading rate ranges (1-600) second/cycle, controlled opening displacement (0-0.08) and temperature between (32-77 F) [17].However, Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) published standardized test procedure designation (Tex-248-F. It was specified that the specimen is loaded   with 10 second cyclic controlled with   0.025 maximum displacement at 77+1F temperature.[18] Figure 7:overlay setup-Tex-248-F test [19] The crack resistance is represented based on number of cycle correspond to 93% in   maximum applied load in first cycle.   Ã‚   (Hu et al. 2008; Sheng and Ping 2016). However, [22] compare between different methods to analysis the data. The area under- the load-cycle response curve was used; the result shows no improvement in variability. In addition, the rate of load decrease was studied, it was unsatisfactory.   different load reduction percentage was tested as alternative for 93%. The 85% load reduction seem to be good. The test is recommend for performance measures for reflective cracks. [15] test field cores from different highways in taxas state. They suggest 300 cycle @93 % load reduction was selected as pass /failure criteria and 750 cycle was For the rich bottom layer. Also, New Jersey department of transportation (NJDOT) adopted OT test as performance measure for different mixes . The test conduct 10 second cyclic load controlled with   0.025 maximum displacement at   either 59 or 77 F. The failure criteria of specimen selected to be 93 % or until minimum 1200. The detailed procedure published in designation NJDOT B-10[23].   The design Binder-Rich Intermediate Course(BRIC) require minimum of a 700 cycle at 77F as pass criteria. For high rap mixes it is require minimum 150,175 For PG64-22,PG76-22 respectively for surface course while intermediate course required minimum 100,125 cycle for PG64-22,PG76-22 respectively[24].

Gustav Robert Kirchhoff :: biographies biography bio

Born: 12 March 1824 in Kà ¶nigsberg, Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia) Died: 17 Oct 1887 in Berlin, Germany Gustav Kirchhoff 's father was Friedrich Kirchhoff, a lawyer in Kà ¶nigsberg. Gustav's mother was Johanna Henriette Wittke. In 1988 Gustav Kirchhoff went to the Albertus University of Kà ¶nigsberg to study math when he was at the age of 18. In 1833 Frans Neuman and Jakobi set up a mathematics-physics seminar at Kà ¶nigsberg. Kirchhoff attented at the seminar from 1843 to 1846. It was while he was studying with Neumann that Kirchhoff made his first outstanding research contribution which related to electrical currents. Kirchhoff's laws, which he announced in 1845. The year 1847 was an eventful one for Kirchhoff. He graduated from Kà ¶nigsberg in that year and he also married Clara Richelot. They moved to Berlin in 1847. Kirchhoff teached at the University of Berlinfrom 1848 to 1850. He left from Berlin to Breslau where he was a professor of physics. In 1851 Robert Bunsen joined the University as professor of chemistry. In 1852 Bunsen was called at the University Heidelberg and soon he arranged for Kirchhoff to teach at Heidelberg as well. Kirchhoff joined a research with Bunsen and they found a spectrum analysis. In 1881 he was elected to the Electrical Congress in Paris, as the German delegate. His failing health forced him to prematurely retire in 1886. One year later he died in Berlin on 17 October 1887. His write books; "Vorlesungen à ¼ber mathematische Physik " (1876-94, "Lectures on Mathematical Physics") and " Gesammelte Abhandlungen " (1882; supplement, 1891, "Collected Essays"). Spectrum Analysis Kirchhoff was the first to explain the dark lines in the Sun's spectrum as caused by absorption of particular wavelengths as the light passes through a gas. He found that when light passes through a gas, the gas absorbs those wavelengths that it would emit if heated. spectral lines - a discovery that began the spectroscopic method of chemical analysis. Kirchhoff and Bunsen began by effectively inventing the spectroscope, a prism-based device that separated light in its primary chromatic components, i.e., its spectrum, with which they began studying the spectral "signature" of various chemical elements in gaseous form. The spectrum of an object is the variation in the intensity of its radiation at different wavelengths. Objects with different temperatures and compositions emit different types of spectra. By observing an object's spectrum, then, astronomers can deduce its temperature, composition and physical conditions, among other things.

Business Law, Articles

Incidents that could mean an existence of partnership: **share in profits and losses, equal rights to management, every partner binds the other partners, all partners are liable or debts except partners with limited liabilities, partners have a relation, dissolution does not terminate the partnership but continues until the partnership is completed again. 3. 7. Partnership distinguished from co- ownership Co-ownership – ownership Of an undivided thing or right belongs to different persons Difference of co-ownership and partnership as to†¦Creation – co-ownership is created by law, it may exist even without a contract, while a partnership is created by contract. Juridical personality -? co- ownership has a separate juridical parties while partnership has none. Repose: co-ownership – common enjoyment of something or a right, partnership: profit Duration: co-ownership – 10 years, partnership: no limitation Disposal of interest (share in profit) – p artnership: cannot dispose interest without consent of all partners, co-ownership: may freely do so Power to act with third persons – partner could bind the partnership, co- owner could not bind the co-ownership.Only one judgment against co- owners does not bind the other co-owners. Effect of death: co-ownership does not necessarily dissolve co-ownership, partnership: dissolves (A & B greed to share 1000 pesos to buy a land that would be divided equally between them: co-ownership, because there is no agreement that it would be used for business purposes. ) 3. 8. Partnership distinguished from conjugal partnership of gains Conjugal partnership gains – formed by marriage wherein husband and wife place in a common fund the income from their separate properties Difference of business partnership and conjugal partnership as to†¦Parties – business: voluntary agreement Of two or more, conjugal: husband and wife agrees Laws which govern – business: governed y stipulation (agreement) of parties, conjugal: by law Juridical personality – business: has separate juridical personality, conjugal: none Commencement (beginning) – partnership: from execution of contract (unless stipulated), conjugal: from celebration of marriage, stipulation is void Purpose – business: profit, conjugal: regulate properties of husband and wife Distribution of profits: business: according to agreement or in proportion to the capital shared, conjugal: divided equally Management – business: equally, unless one is appointed as manager, conjugal: husband's decisions prevail Disposition of hares – business: may be disposed without the consent of the others, conjugal: cannot be disposed during marriage, even with consent 3. 9. Partnership distinguished from voluntary associations.

IPT Marketing Technology

Once IPT’s website is complete, the company will have a fantastic opportunity to use several simple tools in order to capture data on its customer base. An online sign-up form in which customers input key data along with their Email address will be instrumental in fine-tuning marketing efforts which target specific markets. Permission-based Email marketing will involve sending promotional messages to the list of addresses in the database at least once monthly. Asking all customers to complete a short, online survey form after placement of an order or at various random times as consumers are browsing the site will direct IPT’s efforts to create a more satisfactory experience for the customer from a service standpoint. The website can also be configured to provide an online ordering system for commercial customers, making it easier and more convenient for them to place orders. Spreadsheets can also be used in conjunction with existing sales software. By assigning customer numbers and tracking purchases, IPT will be able to determine its best customers in terms of buying frequency and dollar amounts. Spreadsheets can be created to track the spending habits of retail, corporate and wholesale customers as well as show trends relating to business levels throughout the year, also known as a â€Å"recency frequency monetary value† tool (Alexander, 2007). In this way, IPT will have a strong foundation on which to base marketing promotions after a year or less of tracking. Creating a database of information from each customer will also aid in retention of loyal customers. CRM principles are based on a foundation of knowing the customer at the most intimate level possible and then using this information to align benefits with consumer needs (Alexander, 2007). As IPT expands geographically, the purchase of CRM software specifically designed to be used in a networked system will be a necessity. Such software will also contain report-building features so that IPT is able to analyze the data in several different ways. Eventually, IPT will want to develop its own, unique loyalty program with incentives offered to its top percentage of customers. Incentives do not need to be monetary-based, but can be as simple as tracking occasions when the customer may want to send gifts, such as relative’s birthdays, etc. References Alexander, Peter (July, 2007). â€Å"Use Data to Build Customer Loyalty†. Retrieved February 5, 2008 from the Entrepreneur.com Website: http://www.entrepreneur.com/technology/techtrendscolumnistpeteralexander/article182362.html.